To remember hard work done in the North East during the industrial revolution. Sunderland was an industrial port for coal and salt but that declined when the work moved to the far east.
A lot has been invested to revive the city and now they are known for Nissan, Software development companies, and Art Centers to name a few. The Red White is football related (originally they were blue). But I wonder what inspired to choose red/white. It has a bit of a marine feel to it (the lighthouse colours white and red) and the city is after all also a seaport.
Made from, believe it or not, milk changed to a polymer with Conway Steward Deep Red. Casein is water sensitive, don't submerge or keep wet. Lightly cleaning with damp cloth is no issue.